Evolutionary Developmental Biology Essay -- Biology

Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) was instituted in the early 1980s as a distinctive field of study to characterise the new synthesis of evolution hypothesis (MÃ ¼ller, 2007). Evo-devo is regarded as a new rule in evolutionary biology and a complement to neo-Darwinian theories. It has formed from the combination of molecular developmental biology and evolutionary molecular genetics; their integration has helped greatly to understand both of these fields. Evo-devo as a discipline has been exploring the role of the process of individual development and the changes in evolutionary phenotype, meaning the developmental procedure by which single-celled zygotes grow to be multicellular organisms. Alterations in the developmental program frequently cause differences in adult morphology. When these alterations are helpful, they grow to be fixed in a population and can result in the evolution of new phyla. Evo-devo seeks to figure out how new groups happen by understanding how the method of development has evolved in different lineages. In other word, evo-devo explains the interaction between phenotype and genotype (Hall, 2007). Explanation of morphological novelty of evolutionary origins is one of the middle challenges in current evolutionary biology, and is intertwined with energetic discussion regarding how to connect developmental biology to standard perspectives from the theory of evolution (Laubichler, 2010). A large amount of theoretical and experiential effort is being devoted to novelties that have challenged biologists for more than one hundred years, for instance, the basis of fins in fish, the fin-to-limb change and the evolution of feathers. The biology of development promises to formulate a main contribution to these... ...is. Moreover, the relationship between neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory and evo-devo is highly contested (Hoekstra and Coyne, 2007; Minelli, 2010). However, the understanding of evo-devo methods and how the characteristics of the morphologies of different species diverged eventually is still comparatively limited. Craig (2010) stated that this field has obviously contributed to the understanding of genes and, subsequently, the understanding morphological characteristics of evolution in intricate organisms. There has been significant confirmation of evo-devo’s claim that regulatory modifications play an essential role in the evolution of shape. Evo-devo is the process of becoming a conceptual hub for an even larger integration of research areas in organismal biology, including genetics, ecology, paleontology, behavior, cognition, and other fields (Gerd B. MÃ ¼ller)

Anti Natal Care Health Service Health And Social Care Essay

Anti natal attention is one of the of import wellness services provided by ministry of wellness for long clip. It is provided by primary attention centres which are distributed along the sultanate. In add-on, secondary and third attention centres are lending to this service by following up complicated instances and those with co-morbid conditions like bosom disease and diabetes mellitus. Pregnant ladies are provided booking green card for follow up boulder clay bringing. Pregnancy is physiological procedure that is associated with some conditions and affected by others like anaemia, diabetes and fleshiness ( 1-6 ) . These status are common in our state ( 7 ) . Besides the result of the gestation is affected by other factors like grade of blood kinship and familial diseases like reaping hook cell anaemia and thalassaemia which are besides common. ( 8,9 ) . The result of the gestation can be improved by go toing pre matrimonial guidance and pre construct guidance which are besides provided by primary attention centres. So our purpose is to place some ANC jobs in the community and seek to undertake them earlier e.g. Anemia, blood kinship, prenuptial and prepossession guidance by analysing the information given at ANC booking collected at third infirmary ( khoula infirmary ) in Muscat, Oman Method: Consequences: Our survey came up with a batch of consequences that we can utilize them to better the prenatal attention. It is demoing that more than 2/3rd of the clients are in their 3rd decennaries and about 1/4th are in 4th decennary. Merely 2 % are above 40 old ages and 4 % are below 20 old ages. Besides the hubbies are chiefly distributed in 3rd and 4th decennaries with similar per centum in each decennary. Around 61 % of the clients complete their secondary school, 11 % are holding advanced instruction and merely 6 % are illiterate ( see fig. ( ) . Besides merely 27 % of them are employers compared to 88 % of their hubbies are employers. Most of our clients presented for their engagement before 13 hebdomads of gestation with per centum of 67 % and 14 % presented before 28 hebdomads of gestation. Sing past medical history, 13 clients claimed to hold including 6 holding diabetes and 3 holding high blood pressure but bulk of them holding household history of diabetes, high blood pressure and ca rdiovascular disease 48, 30 and 7 patients severally. Besides more than half of the clients are holding unnatural organic structure mass index ( BMI ) and merely 42 % holding normal BMI and 11 % holding low BMI. Around have of patients are related and half of these are holding foremost degree blood kinship. On the other manus, merely 5 % had prenuptial guidance and 8 % had pre construct guidance. About 2/3rd did non utilize contraceptive method before their gestation and most of those who used contraceptive method they have used other traditional contraceptive method followed by injection and so combined unwritten preventives, 11, 8 and 7 patients severally. Merely 1/4th of our patients did non be after their gestation and 13 % became pregnant while utilizing contraceptive method. Most of the clients are either gravida I or holding gravid less than 5, 44 and 41 clients severally. 30 clients reported old gestational complications including 23 maternal, 16 fetal and 9 combined complic ations.those who have aneima ( hemoglobin & A ; lt ; 11 ) at booking histories for 26 % of the entire sample. The bi-variant analysis besides demoing some of import consequences. First, there is association between gestational age at engagement and both business and degree of instruction but it is non important i.e. employers and those holding high degree of instruction nowadays earlier with ( Fisher ‘s exact = 0.166 ) and ( 0.750 ) severally. There is important association between degree of instruction and para, i.e platinum with higher degree of instruction holding low para with ( Fisher ‘s exact =0.009 ) . Besides this survey is demoing that there is important association between figure of para and degree of haemoglobin and old gestational complications with ( Pr = 0.004 and Fisher ‘s exact = 0.000 ) severally. i.e higher para is associated with old gestational complications and low haemoglobin. However there is no association between para and high blood pressure. We can besides reason that there is non-significant association between fleshiness and each of old cesarean subdivision, diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure with ( Fisher ‘s exact = 0.149, 0.423 and 0.606 ) severally. Discussion As we saw in the consequences that bulk of the patient are in their 3rd and 4th decennaries severally. It non surprising as we know that Oman is one of the developing states and is holding pyramidic distribution of its population and bulk of them are immature. So as effects, we are seeing that 44 % of the clients are primigravida and 41 % are holding gravida between 2 and 5 which besides can be related to patients & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢ business position every bit good. . Besides the fact that 4 % of our patient are younger than 20 old ages, can be explained by first, procedure of instruction and we saw that around 2/3rd of our patient completed secondary school and normally by age of 18 old ages. Second, increased consciousness among the population which is besides can be contributed to wellness instruction provided by ministry of wellness. Third, employment position, although merely around 1/4th of our patients are employed. besides can be explained by complexness of life, that is the males are now acquiring more troubles to acquire married in early age, they have to analyze and so to work and eventually to afford everything in order to hold a household. We besides see about 6 % of our patient are illiterate, this is high figure despite the availabity of free instruction. The bulk of patients hubbies are working and this is traveling with world here in our state that is the hubbies are working outside and the female parents are taking attention of their houses and kids. As we mentioned that bulk of the clients presented for booking earlier 13 hebdomads of age, there is non-significant association with both degree of instruction and position of employment i.e. employers and educated female parents are showing earlier for booking. This all together can be related to increase consciousness of importance of prenatal attention and follow up and close propinquity of primary wellness attention centres. As Medical status can impact the gestation, we noticed that 6 % of our clients are holding DM and 3 % holding high blood pressure. This is low compared to the prevalence of these conditions in general population which is 11.6 and 33. ( 7 ) this can be explained by low sample size and larger size is needed to demo such prevalence and because of immature population in our sample.. On the other manus, we noticed a batch of patients are holding household history of diabetes, high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Despite the high prevalence of familial diseases like reaping hook cell anaemia, thalassaemia, ( 8,9 ) merely really few patients are go toing pre-marital and pre construct guidance. Besides, half of them are holding blood kinship and 1/4th are holding 1st degree blood kinship. So these are some of the jobs that need a batch of attempts to be tackled in order to hold healthy persons and to avoid passing a batch of moneys in handling such conditions. This can be done thr ough increasing the consciousness of such guidance, promote people to go to prenuptial guidance. Besides pre-conception guidance is of import to place patients who are at high hazard of acquiring gestation, acquire control of their medical conditions if they have like diabetes, high blood pressure, epilepsy and bronchial asthma and supply addendums like folic acid and if anaemic they need ferric sulfate. Sing contraceptive method, we know that ministry of wellness are making great occupation in supplying this service in primary attention centres. In 1994 and prior to get downing birth spacing in Oman, the prophylactic prevalence rate was of 12.7 % and in 1995, this prevalence increased to 28 % . ( 10 ) But in our survey less than 1/3rd of the clients have used contraceptive method before their gestation. This can be due to the undermentioned grounds. First, 44 % are primigravida.second, deficiency of consciousness. Third, the clients may experience shy in describing contraceptive method usage and methods to the nurses while acquiring the green cards. Besides 11 % coverage usage of other traditional methods of contraceptive method, which is the frequent method, used in our sample and for this ground we are seeing the higher failure rate of 13 % . The Numberss of old complications are high in our sample and it is significantly associated with figure of para, the higher the para means higher rate of complications. Besides it is known that most of the gestational complications are associated with organic structure mass index. ( 1-6 ) this what we found in our he-man, that there is non-significant association between BMI and old cesarean subdivision ( CS ) , so AS BMI increase the patient is more likely to hold CS which besides found in another surveies. ( 2,3,5,6 ) as we see in the consequences, around half of the sample patients are holding high BMI, so this will set them at hazard of complications. On the other manus there are patient with low BMI and besides this will them under the hazard. So malnutrition is another job in our state that should be tackled. Besides the bi-variant analysis is demoing that BMI is non-significantly associated with high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. So as BMI increase the hazard of holdin g high blood pressure and diabetes besides increase. Anemia in our sample is about 26 % which is low compared to 2006 index ( 11 ) and compared to another survey done at sharqia part ( 12 ) . Besides we noticed that there is important association between anaemia and figure of para i.e. lady with higher figure of para is more likely to hold anaemia. This expected physiological response, because the maternal organic structure is ever fring and in demands for Fe as consequence of frequent gestation, blood loss during deliver and increase demand during breastfeeding. Restrictions: Our survey has several restrictions. First, little sample size and that is because the period of informations aggregation was short. 2nd, it is done in third attention where many complicated instances are referred. Third, the random choice of the patient was non computing machine based. Decisions Form the survey ; we noticed some common jobs which need to be tackled like malnutrition, low contraceptive method usage, high blood kinship rate, illiteracy and anaemia. Besides we can reason that there is important association between figure of para and all of degree of instruction, anaemia and old complications.

Applications for Canadian Permanent Resident Cards

Updated: 08/12/07 Who Should Apply for a Canadian Permanent Resident Card Canadian immigrants with permanent resident status who arrived in Canada before June 28, 2002 should apply for a Permanent Resident Card. The card replaces the IMM 1000 document. After December 31, 2003 all Canadian permanent residents, including children, returning to Canada by commercial vehicle (plane, boat, train or bus) must use the new card to prove their permanent resident status. Permanent Resident Cards are generally issued for five years, or in exceptional circumstances for one year. Permanent residents who plan to travel overseas should obtain a Permanent Resident Card before their departure. You should apply for a Permanent Resident Card at least two months before your departure. Processing times may vary, so check current processing times provided by Canada Citizenship and Immigration and adjust accordingly. Immigrants who became Canadian permanent residents on or after June 28, 2002 do not need to apply for a Permanent Resident Card. A Permanent Resident Card should have been mailed to you automatically. If you did not provide a mailing address to the Canada Border Services Agency when you entered Canada, you should do so as soon as possible. You must provide your mailing address within 180 days of entering Canada, or you will have to apply for a Permanent Resident Card and pay the appropriate fee. You can provide your mailing address online or by contacting the Permanent Resident Card Call Centre. Renewal of Permanent Resident Cards Since Permanent Resident Cards are issued for five years, or in some cases one year, permanent residents should check the expiry date on their PR Card if they plan to travel outside Canada. Five-year permanent resident cards began expiring in July 2007. Be sure to apply for a new Permanent Resident Card at least two months before you plan to leave the country. Permanent Resident Card Application Kits and Forms You can download the Permanent Resident Card application kit and forms from the Citizenship and Immigration Canada site. The forms must be completed, signed and mailed to the address given on the form. Detailed instructions on completing the form and the documents required to be included with the form are given in the application guide that comes with the kit. If you wish to have a printed application kit mailed to you, you can call the Permanent Resident Call Centre at 1-888-242-2100. Kits can only be sent to addresses in Canada. Allow at least two weeks for delivery. Application Fees for Permanent Resident Cards The fee for processing a Permanent Resident Card application is $50.00. Fees are subject to change. There are two ways to pay the application fee. Pay onlinePay your fee at a financial institution in Canada. To pay the fee, you must complete an original of the Fees Receipt Form IMM 5401, and take it to a financial institution with your payment. The bank will stamp the receipt form. You then attach the middle portion (Copy 2) to your Permanent Resident Card application. The fee is not refundable. Urgent Cases If you plan to travel outside Canada and do not think you will have time to get a Permanent Resident Card before you leave Canada, Citizenship and Immigration Canada may be able to process your application on an urgent basis. Check Information Regarding Urgent Cases to find out how to request that your application be processed on an urgent basis. Permanent residents wanting to return to Canada who do not have a Permanent Resident Card may contact the nearest Canadian visa office to obtain a limited use travel document to re-enter Canada at a cost of $50 each. You can download the application for a travel document (permanent resident abroad) online. Check the Status of Your Permanent Resident Card Application To check on the status of your Permanent Resident Card application, you can use the Canadian Immigration Client Application Status tool. Please note that the status of your application will not show in the Client Application Status tool until Citizenship and Immigration Canada has begun processing your application. To find out how long it may take to process your application, check the current processing times. There is no point in checking on the status of your application unless the specified processing time has passed. Questions About Your Permanent Resident Card Application If you have questions about your Permanent Resident Card Application, contact the Citizenship and Immigration Canada Call Centre if you are in Canada, or your local visa office if you are outside Canada.

The Theory Of Evolution Of Creationism - 977 Words

The theory of evolution is at odds with the views of many religions, and many people want to allow a religious view of creationism to be taught in the public school system. The foundation of evolution is based upon the belief that the origin of all ordered complex systems, including living creatures, can be explained by natural laws without the initiation or intervention of God. A person who believes in the biblical model of creation is viewed by some non- believers as a naive, narrow-minded religious fanatic who is not willing to look at the observable evidence with an open mind. Because the evolutionary idea of origins has been so widely accepted by the scientific community, many people have reasoned that the creation model should be completely rejected without fairly examining its claims. Even many Christians who have deep trust and faith in the Bible have never really understood the claims of the creation account (McLean 11). Over the past several years, a great deal of controversy surrounding the creation-evolution issue has been generated by scientists who have based their claims on the creation model and have been willing to let their reputations stand. Creationists have openly requested that when the discussion of origins occurs in the public school system, both the model of creation and evolution be presented side by side. Initially, scientists and educators who have accepted the theory of evolution without question were reluctant to pay any serious attention toShow MoreRelated Creationism - The Theory of Evolution is not Logical Essay507 Words   |  3 PagesCreationism - The Theory of Evolution is not Logical Genesis 1:1â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.† This quote, taken from the Hebrew Bible describes the belief that religious Jews and Christians follow. 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Analysis Of Susan Bordo s Globalization Of Eating...

Demi Lovato once said, â€Å"I’m not going to sacrifice my mental health to have the perfect body.† However, today we find that many individuals are doing the completely opposite. In Susan Bordo’s, â€Å"Globalization of Eating Disorders† essay, they fall into the media trap, the self-image trap, where they are concerned of what people may think about them. Americans nowadays have pageants, modeling, and media to thank for this absurd notion. Fit women, along with strong men give this motivation to others to want to be like them. Most people should be comfortable with their own bodies. Americans are mesmerized with media and enthralled by one’s body image, and ,as a result, face ramifications like eating disorders and anorexia. Why are Americans so†¦show more content†¦Consequences arise with obsession of body image. Once one begins their expedition of trying to be skinnier, more fit, beautiful, and it builds up until it becomes a severe phobia. One begins to slack on eating, differing their diets and what not. In â€Å"The Globalization of Eating Disorders†, Bordo implies that one generation â€Å"becomes the menswear manufacturers, the diet industries, and the plastic surgeons â€Å"discovered† the male body.†(). Males tend to be fond of the strength aspect, strong and tough-minded. Drugs such steroids and others help themselves, because they achieve their goals, or so they think. Instead they deplete themselves, they lose the real journey of trying to become strong and robust. Drugs have side effects, so of course it tends to play with your mental and physical states. According to drugabuse.gov, the use of anabolic steroids increases irritability and aggression in a person.( NIH). Women, however tend to be focused on the â€Å"beauty† aspect. Women want others, to believe and see in them the true beauty of a woman. Females always tend to think their beauty is on the outside, proclaiming their self-image as their â€Å"true beauty.† However, they do not look inside themselves to find it. Inside one person lies the true beauty, not on the outside. It seems to be that way, people judge based off women’s looks and their makeup. Women still, however, want to be beautiful. It messes with their mental state, they become completely

A Contemporary Leader Free Essays

What characterizes a good leader? Should he be understanding, considerate, and open-minded? Or should he be imposing, forceful, and coercive in order to get things done? Different people have different perceptions of what a good contemporary leader should be. Despite all these differences, one thing remain certain – good leaders possesses a great deal of power in order for him to properly lead. This is not necessarily the physical power, but a conglomeration of different types of power. We will write a custom essay sample on A Contemporary Leader or any similar topic only for you Order Now If a leader has these, then there is a great possibility of him being a good leader. Why do we need Power? But why is it necessary for a leader to have power? Power is basically the ability to get what you want, regardless of who is benefitted – you or the greater many. With the proper use of power, a good leader can propel his country or the group of people he represents, towards development. Power could bring about change, including success in various aspects wherein power is truly applicable. It could lead to economic growth, social development, improvement of the living conditions of the people, and more. Power could also be used to influence what others think, again for the benefit of the leader or the group he leads. Power is said to be at the heart of all techniques of changing minds. Power use, or abuse? However, the use of this power could also be misappropriated. Power abuse is common for the leaders who are given the chance to hold so much power. This is when they use these powers to influence other people and use it for their benefit. This is also true when they haphazardly use their powers without thinking of the consequences, like the damages it would do to other people. Their only concern is to exercise the power that they possess, and they will yield to nothing but their own destruction. The powers of a United States President. One of the most controversial leader that we know of today is the United States President George W. Bush. He is a concrete example of a leader in power, where he derives that power, and how he uses it (Kristol Schmitt, 2005). Controversies surfaced when he waged his war against terrorism, wherein he forcefully intervened in various affairs in the Middle East. His calls for war against the terrorist were dubbed by others as an expression of his hunger for power. Many people disagree with his decisions to further continue the war despite many lives being lost and many innocent people being involved. In order to fully understand his capacity as a leader, it is important to analyze the power that he has now. We have to look at the source of his power and afterwards classify it according French and Raven’s description of power. This is the most common description of power, and is further divided into five different forms. These are coercive power, reward power, legitimate power, referent power, and expert power (Changingminds.org, 2007). The power of Coercion The President’s power is vested to him as defined by the Constitution of the United States of America. George W. Bush, being the forty third President of the United States of America, holds his Office as the country’s leader during the Term of four years (Durland, 1996). One of the primary powers of an elected president is his command over the country’s fire power. George W. Bush is given the title of being the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, as well as the Militia of the several States, if they’re called into actual Service of the U.S. government (Milbank, 2001). This is one of the main aspects which raised the concern of many Americans. George W. Bush is abusing his power as the Commander in Chief of the country’s military powers. It is as if George W. Bush is using the military as pawns in his own war against terrorism or the Middle East. How to cite A Contemporary Leader, Papers

Direct Selling Investment Valuation

Question: Describe about the Direct Selling for Investment Valuation. Answer: Part A: Internal and External Factors affecting the Pricing Strategy Internal Factors: Return on investments- the marketing objectives need to focus on the percentage return on the expenditures associated with the products. Cash Flow- The sales price will be structured at a rate that will ensure the return of the production charges (Danziger, Hadar and Morwitz 2014). Market Share- The pricing decision is important for ensuring the new market retaining purposes. External Factors: Customers Expectations: The expectation of the customers and the channel distributors is the major obstacle for setting the price of the product. Elasticity of the Demands: Understanding the changes of the prices as per the market preferences. Direct Competitor Pricing- The direct competition prices of the rivalries affect the pricing structure more significantly. Techniques for determining the prices There are two types of techniques that can be used for setting the price. First, the effective product packaging system would be beneficial for making the products attractive to the customers (Li, Xu and Li 2013). On the other hand, the unique value added features of the products are effective enough to attract the customers. It will suggest the competition with the other rivalries in the market. Short Term Pricing Strategy One of the beneficial short time pricing strategies is the pricing penetration strategy. This strategy refers that the price of the products will be set lower at the initial stage (Phillips and Gully 2015). It will be helpful in attracting the customers with lower prices of the products. Once the product demands get higher, the reasonable price will be implemented. Payment Term Option If concentrated on the payment term option, it is noted that the early payment discounts would be much beneficial. The early payment discounts allows the customers to pay on time, which creates the less impact on the profits of thin-margin products. For instance, the customer can receive the 60 days credit by considering 5% of discount amount. It is a fruitful payment option to attract more customers towards the products. Achieving the selling purpose There should be the media channel, which will connect the customers with the customer care executives (Damodaran 2012). After purchasing the products, the customers need to provide their feedback or the customer care executives need to communicate with the customers to understand whether they are satisfied or not. The after sale service will determine the re-purchasing behaviour of the customers. Responses to the Queries Following up the customers responses is essential to derive the idea about their concerns. Hence, the customer care executives send the mail to the customers for replying to their responses. The customer care executives need to encourage the customers to present their concerns regarding any of the issues that they have been facing while banking with them. In fact, if any of the customers requires discussing over any critical matter, the face-to-face meeting can be arranged accordingly. Accessibility of the Customers a) The customers can access the accurate information by communicating with the customer case executives over the phone call. In case of any other specific queries or confidential matter, the face-to-face dealing will also be beneficial for providing the accurate information to the customers (Ragland, Widmier and Brouthers 2015). b) The online transaction pages are available in the internet. However, in order to maintain the higher security, the direct transaction or card transaction will also be available for the customers. Assessment 2: Part B Skills required for the staffs The efficient and clear communication with the customers is necessary for making the customers aware of the product specifications. Therefore, the staffs need to improve the interpersonal communication skills for communicating with the customers. It helps in building the effective relationship with the customers and generates the sense of reliability. Customer feedback The continuous feedbacks and following up the customers would be helpful for understanding whether they are happy with the products or services. The quality of the products will be determined while setting the pricing strategy. Recognising such aspects would be much beneficial for determining the fair dealings with the customers. Assistance of the Staffs The customer executives can provide the feedback form to the customers where the customers will provide their responses regarding their experiences of using the products. This form is needed to be dropped in the drop boxes set for gathering the feedbacks. Moreover, the customers can provide their feedbacks to the websites of the respective company. If the customers need to discuss any of the critical matter, the service executives will call them up and discuss the matter over the phone call. In case of extreme consequences, the customer care manager may arrange the face-to-face conversation meeting with the customers. References Damodaran, A., 2012.Investment valuation: Tools and techniques for determining the value of any asset(Vol. 666). John Wiley Sons. Danziger, S., Hadar, L. and Morwitz, V.G., 2014. Retailer pricing strategy and consumer choice under price uncertainty.Journal of Consumer Research,41(3), pp.761-774. Ellickson, P.B., Misra, S. and Nair, H.S., 2012. Repositioning dynamics and pricing strategy.Journal of Marketing Research,49(6), pp.750-772. Li, Y., Xu, L. and Li, D., 2013. Examining relationships between the return policy, product quality, and pricing strategy in online direct selling.International Journal of Production Economics,144(2), pp.451-460. Phillips, J.M. and Gully, S.M., 2015.Strategic staffing. Pearson. Ragland, C.B., Widmier, S. and Brouthers, L.E., 2015. A Factor Endowment Approach to International Market Selection for Direct Selling. InIdeas in Marketing: Finding the New and Polishing the Old(pp. 474-474). Springer International Publishing.